The source comes first.

Begin with the original.

The content, meaning and historical character of a work guide the edition. We state whether an edition preserves the original language, presents a translation or renews older language and syntax for today’s readers.

Renew the language. Preserve the meaning.

In selected editions of older works, we update dated language and disentangle dense syntax without censoring the content or distorting its meaning. The approach belongs to the individual edition and is described in its editorial notes.

Keep the voices distinct.

Introductions, notes and contextual material accompany the author’s work. The publisher’s contribution remains distinct from the original text.

Look inside each edition.

The book pages describe the source, illustrations and supplementary material where that information is already available. Details vary from one edition to another.